Design and development of auxiliary components for a new two-stroke, stratified-charge, lean-burn gasoline engine

A unique stepped-piston engine was developed by a group of research engineers at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), from 2003 to 2005. The development work undertaken by them engulfs design, prototyping and evaluation over a predetermined period of time which was iterative and challenging in nature. The main objective of the program is to demonstrate local R&D capabilities on small engine work that is able to produce mobile powerhouse of comparable output, having low-fuel consumption and acceptable emission than its crankcase counterpart of similar displacement. A two-stroke engine work was selected as it posses a number of technological challenges, increase in its thermal efficiency, which upon successful undertakings will be useful in assisting the group in future powertrain undertakings in UTM. In its carbureted version, the single-cylinder aircooled engine incorporates a three-port transfer system and a dedicated crankcase breather. These features will enable the prototype to have high induction efficiency and to behave very much a two-stroke engine but equipped with a four-stroke crankcase lubrication system. After a series of analytical work the engine was subjected to a series of laboratory trials. It was also tested on a small watercraft platform with promising indication of its flexibility of use as a prime mover in mobile platform. In an effort to further enhance its technology features, the researchers have also embarked on the development of an add-on auxiliary system. The system comprises of an engine control unit (ECU), a directinjector unit, a dedicated lubricant dispenser unit and an embedded common rail fuel unit. This support system was incorporated onto the engine to demonstrate the finer points of environmental-friendly and fuel economy features. The outcome of this complete package is described in the report, covering the methodology and the final characteristics of the mobile power plant

OSTEOTOMI LE FORT I DALAM BEDAH ORTHOGNATIK

Le Fort I osteotomy is the surgery in the maksila similar to the live fracture of the Fort I. In orthognathic surgery, Le Fort I osteotomy is the best choice for the conventional vertical dimension and relatively easy and middle and sufficient to reposition and maxilla. For the open bite case anteriory and postering in the patient could be performed. Le Fort I osteotomy in the posterior and the repositioned part of maxilla toward posuride so it could be occluded, functional and restored in the intended aesthetic

BILATERAL SAGITAL SPLIT OSTEOTOMY PADA MANDIBULA PROGNATI

A young girl 20 years old with mandibular prognathism, has been treated with orthodontics and surgical treatment in between. Mandibular set back was done intra orally 5 mm length and bilateral sagital split ramus osteotomy method. And rigid fixation was done by inserting three 2 mm bicortical screws for stabilizing the fragment. This method allowed the bony segments to heal properly and allowed the patients to function sooner

KOREKSI MANDIBULA PROGNATI DENGAN OSTEOTOMI SUBSIGMOID

A young man 21 years old with prognathic mandible and disharmony in dental and skeletal, is treated by orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Eleven months after orthodontic treatment, osteotomy subsigmoid is done. The oblique cutting line in both ramus mandible is operated via intra oral approach. After 8 weeks post operative, finishing treatment in orthodontics is performed. Panoramic and cephalometric post operative and one year are shown that mandible is in good position and no relaps evidence

Penggunaan Rigid Internal Fixation pada Fraktur Rahang

Ada beberapa macam cara untuk melakukan perawatan fraktur, salah satu diantaranya adalah engan menggunakan rigid internal fixation. Rigid internal fixation berbentuk miniplate lebih mudah digunakan daripada bentuk compressive plate, karena miniplate dipasang setelah reposisi telah kembali ke bentuk/keadaan semula. Pada umumnya, macam perawatan fraktur yang dipilih secara sederhana, yaitu dengan reduksi/resposisi tertutup yang tidak perlu melakukan pembukaan jaringan. Bila hal ini tidak memungkinkan dilakukan reduksi/reposisi terbuka. Untuk memfiksasi tulang yang fraktur dapat digunakan kawat osteosisnesis, miniplate, maupun compressive plate. Pada kedua kasus yang dibahas, digunaan rigid interna fixation jenis miniplate. Reduksi/reposisi tertutup pada kasus pertama tidak dapat dilakukan, karena pada saat yang bersamaan 13 elemen gigi diekstrakti dan sisa jumlah gigi yang ada tidak adkwat untuk pemasangan lengkung bar. Pada kasus kedua walaupun telah dipasang lengkung bar, tetapi harus juga dilakukan reposisi terbuka melalui extra oral, karena kondisi frakturnya yang masih belum menyatu

Penggunaan Rigid Internal Fixation pada Fraktur Rahang

Ada beberapa macam cara untuk melakukan perawatan fraktur, salah satu diantaranya adalah engan menggunakan rigid internal fixation. Rigid internal fixation berbentuk miniplate lebih mudah digunakan daripada bentuk compressive plate, karena miniplate dipasang setelah reposisi telah kembali ke bentuk/keadaan semula. Pada umumnya, macam perawatan fraktur yang dipilih secara sederhana, yaitu dengan reduksi/resposisi tertutup yang tidak perlu melakukan pembukaan jaringan. Bila hal ini tidak memungkinkan dilakukan reduksi/reposisi terbuka. Untuk memfiksasi tulang yang fraktur dapat digunakan kawat osteosisnesis, miniplate, maupun compressive plate. Pada kedua kasus yang dibahas, digunaan rigid interna fixation jenis miniplate. Reduksi/reposisi tertutup pada kasus pertama tidak dapat dilakukan, karena pada saat yang bersamaan 13 elemen gigi diekstrakti dan sisa jumlah gigi yang ada tidak adkwat untuk pemasangan lengkung bar. Pada kasus kedua walaupun telah dipasang lengkung bar, tetapi harus juga dilakukan reposisi terbuka melalui extra oral, karena kondisi frakturnya yang masih belum menyatu

PERAWATAN ORTHODONTI SEBAGAI PERSIAPAN BEDAH ORTHOGNATIK

In adult patients if the jaw discrepancy is too great to compensate for, and camouflage by tooth movement alone, surgery is the only way to obtain a reasonable result. Before surgery, the orthodontist must establish not only anteroposterior and transverse position, but also the vertical position of the teeth. Inadequate orthodontic preparation can jeopardize the quality of the surgical result. Occlusion is important but satisfactory facial esthetic must accompany it. A good team work between orthodontist and oral surgeon is the key of success of the treatment, which will be shown in case reports of 3 patients. <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span

OSTEOTOMI LE FORT I DALAM BEDAH ORTHOGNATIK

Le Fort I osteotomy is the surgery in the maksila similar to the live fracture of the Fort I. In orthognathic surgery, Le Fort I osteotomy is the best choice for the conventional vertical dimension and relatively easy and middle and sufficient to reposition and maxilla. For the open bite case anteriory and postering in the patient could be performed. Le Fort I osteotomy in the posterior and the repositioned part of maxilla toward posuride so it could be occluded, functional and restored in the intended aesthetic.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span

BILATERAL SAGITAL SPLIT OSTEOTOMY PADA MANDIBULA PROGNATI

A young girl 20 years old with mandibular prognathism, has been treated with orthodontics and surgical treatment in between. Mandibular set back was done intra orally 5 mm length and bilateral sagital split ramus osteotomy method. And rigid fixation was done by inserting three 2 mm bicortical screws for stabilizing the fragment. This method allowed the bony segments to heal properly and allowed the patients to function sooner. </span

KOREKSI MANDIBULA PROGNATI DENGAN OSTEOTOMI SUBSIGMOID

A young man 21 years old with prognathic mandible and disharmony in dental and skeletal, is treated by orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Eleven months after orthodontic treatment, osteotomy subsigmoid is done. The oblique cutting line in both ramus mandible is operated via intra oral approach. After 8 weeks post operative, finishing treatment in orthodontics is performed. Panoramic and cephalometric post operative and one year are shown that mandible is in good position and no relaps evidence.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span